Science

Astro2020 identified time-domain and multi-messenger astrophysics as a priority for the coming decade. Rubin, Roman, Euclid, gravitational-wave facilities, and high-energy missions will provide rapidly evolving and often faint targets. Gaia, Rubin, and LISA will provide compact binaries that require both precision spectroscopy and fast photometry.

ZShooter will support time-domain and multi-messenger astrophysics with

  • Simultaneous 0.31 to 2.45 um spectroscopy.

  • Resolving powers from ≈ 1,000 (after binning) to ≈ 40,000 (with narow slits or AO enhancement).

  • Three-band qCMOS imaging.

  • Rapid target-of-opportunity response.

Kilonovae

Low-resolution optical and NIR spectral sequences of neutron-star merger counterparts.

Kilonovae
Young supernovae

Flash spectroscopy and velocity-resolved measurements of circumstellar material during the first hours and days.

Young Supernovae
Relativistic explosions

Rapid low-resolution spectroscopy and three-band imaging of GRB afterglows and luminous fast blue optical transients.

Relativistic Explosions
Tidal disruption events

Optical and NIR spectroscopy of nuclear transients, including host-contaminated events.

Tidal Disruption Events
High-redshift supernovae

Optical and NIR classification and host redshifts for supernovae at high redshift.

High-redshift Supernovae
Nebular supernovae

Late-time line luminosities and profiles that constrain ejecta composition, progenitor mass, and power source.

Nebular Supernovae
Binaries

Radial velocities and chemical abundances of compact-object binaries, plus phase-resolved spectroscopy of ultracompact systems.

Binaries
High-speed qCMOS imaging

qCMOS photometry of ultracompact binaries, optical pulsars, and accreting compact objects.

High-speed qCMOS Imaging
Primordial D/H

High-S/N spectroscopy of deuterium absorption in z = 2 to 3 QSO sightlines.

Primordial D/H
White dwarf systems

Atmospheric abundances, gaseous debris disks, and NIR dust emission.

White Dwarf Systems
Gravitational lensing

Spectroscopy of lensed galaxies, quasars, and transients over a range of resolving powers.

Gravitational Lensing
Protostellar accretion

Simultaneous Balmer-continuum, hydrogen-line, and outflow diagnostics.

Protostellar Accretion
Solar-system objects

Reflectance, gas-production, and isotope measurements for comets and small bodies.

Solar-system Objects

Source: National Academies 2021, Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s; ZShooter SRD Sections 2.2 and 2.3.